[malaga2022]

I tested Tungsten at Pulsotron-2 device discharge some hindred thousand amps. Also with some Torium but I did not appreciate much difference without torium or using copper.
Perhaps if an alloy to make it harder and better conductivity would be good.

Photo

[malaga2022]

We are designing and buliding a new device to be used in turbines.
The problem is that efficiency would be about 24%.
Also we will try direct conversion to electricity by using magnetohydrodinamic generators

But just last week a customer asked us about installation on a conventional gas motor of about 2-3 megawatts,
Our problem is that current design would work about 1000 blasts/second , that perhaps would fits in a turbine

[malaga2022]

It boils al 213ºC
I supose I would need a glove box. Another issue to be solved 🙁

Also it can be obtained more easily:
2 BF3 + 6 NaH → B2H6 + 6 NaF

BF3 cames in methanol solution, but Diborane reacts with methanol, so methanol dilution of any compound must not be used 🙁

Also it could be used in a safe way as a gas, you makes vacuum in your chamber, than open the valve of B2H6

Perhaps (i am no chemist) the method consist on buying B11, then use fluoridric acid to obtain BF3 and then try the reaction or any other:

4 BCl3 + 3 LiAlH4 → 2 B2H6 + 3 LiAlCl4
4 BF3 + 3 NaBH4 → 2 B2H6 + 3 NaBF4

I do not mind the procedure, I would be happy to have any source of boron hydride compound, it would be better using B11, not natural boron, because neutronicity increasing

(sorry because my non native english)

Attached files

[malaga2022]

Pulsotron-2 repaired again for Nuclear Fusion January tests

[em]During the December test campaign Pulsotron was damaged after suffering an electric explosion. Before the damage the test team could measure plasma temperature of some of the targets using the new “RBR” sensor that also revealed radiation peaks out of photo sensors spectrum
[/em]
In order to verify new radiation patterns, the Pulsotron team built new RBR sensors, that use a reflective scintillator which covers from millimeter wavelengths to soft X rays range.

The rise and fall times of the new sensor fall down to 50ns which is a very high speed compared to slow broadband temperature sensors.

Also using the RBR sensors data obtained during the December 2013 tests, the team could obtain an approximate measurement of plasma temperature between 8 and 17.5KeV. The result is not as accurate as expected because the radiation received was over its maximum rating, so the new sensors will reduce input radiation by using a needle filter made of a new reflective scintillation material, this material reflects only received radiation but shifted towards infrared at the maximum response frequency of a high speed photodiode.

Somebody couls say that it is not high temperature, but it is very high compared with other Z-pinches and other inertial machines.
Pulsotron-2 was not designed to reach very high temperatures, but it is a good notice for us because we can test high temperature plasma sensors.

Using such photodiode it is possible to detect when the reactor breaks when internal pressure is bigger than magnetic pressure, then a strong light pulse is released.

Pulsotron-2 was dismounted and no internal faults were detected, so it is assumed that the breakdown was due to the fact that the target was broken after being shot 25 times at almost maximum power of Pulsotron.

[malaga2022]

I would like to submit papers about the machine and the sensors at Arxiv, but I would need an “endorsement code”. I think that the Paper will be useful for all the readers, so I would put the link here.

[malaga2022]

Pulsotron-2 in dry dock again after December tests

http://jlopez2022.wordpress.com/2014/01/07/pulsotron-2-in-dry-dock-again-after-december-tests/

[em]Málaga January 2014. During the December 2013 test campaign of Pulsotron new broadband sensors were tested with unexpected results[/em]
The new test campaign began with great expectation about new sensors which cover from low frequency to soft x – ray bands, so two new sensors were installed.
– The first was a custom built ultra broadband sensor that covers from 3 millimetre wavelength to soft x – rays.
– The second was the radiofrequency sensor that covers from Kilohertz to 2.5 Gigahertz

To support such a challenging campaign the team prepared 27 tests with the following results:
– 17 of them were successful
– 1 was successful but data was missing because of eletronic trigger failure
– 7 failed, one due to alignment error and the last one due to breakdown of Pulsotron

The radiofrequency sensor failed due to the fact that it began to oscillate so had to be switched off .

The broadband optical sensor worked perfectly but the Pulsotron team had to install an optical aperture in order to reduce signal power.
The sensor not only worked perfectly but also detected unexpected bursts of energy out of visible band. It happened in only 5 tests.

Also in the last shot a Pulsotron internal blast happened so the test campaign was stopped. Once again Pulsotron must be dismounted to be repaired.

More tests must be carried out in order to discover the source of the detected energy burst.

Pulsotron Team
Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia
c/ Marie Curie, nº 35, 29590 Malaga

Attached files

[malaga2022]

And here is the press note related to October test campaign:

http://jlopez2022.wordpress.com/2013/10/23/the-extreme-100-gigabar-pressure-barrier-under-10-megaamps-and-a-hundred-kiloteslas-discharge-achieved-by-pulsotron/

The extreme 100 gigabar pressure barrier under 10 megaamps and a hundred kiloteslas discharge achieved by Pulsotron.

Spain, October 2013, the new isolators survived undamaged with no loss of material and with their white surfaces as clean as new after the strike of one of the most powerful pressure waves ever generated.

The Pulsotron team was worried because the new hardest isolators were brittle. Fortunately this was taken into account in the mechanical design of the target isolators that received one of the most extreme shocks ever generated in the world during the injection of the most powerful darts used in Pulsotron testing.

Also due to the absence of debris smoke, more powerful darts could be tested, one of them reached the 10 megaamps barrier and another reached 100 kiloteslas (well over the future ITER 40 teslas).

Due to the requirements of the international investors, the Pulsotron team is now working hard on the next test campaign that will be performed under the independent inspection of an external company which is world leader in Testing,Inspection and Certification in order to obtain an independent evaluation of fusion conditions.

[malaga2022]

Pulsotron September test campaign results:

In spite of chamber burning we could complete all the tests, here are the results:

http://jlopez2022.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/pulsotron-september-test-campaign-results-with-chamber-burning/

[malaga2022]

Pulsotron Combustion Chamber burns during testings

http://jlopez2022.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/pulsotron-fusion-facility-burn-during-testing/

In spanish:
http://jlopez2022.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/descomunal-pulso-electromagnetico-incendia-componentes-de-reactor-de-fusion-nuclear/

During September test campaign high performance plastics parts of the combustion chamber where burn. The problem happened with a specific test dart that generates unshieldes megawatts of electromagnetic pulses.
During upgrades of Pulsotron-2 some isolators were replaced by high performance plastics that worked well during April and August test campaign, but the new target 2234 increased the electromagnetic pulse ionizing most surfaces making them oxidizing and burning, as it could be seen in the included high speed camera captures. As result testing was stopped to avoid more damages to ignition chamber and sensors and for investigations
The fire affected only to some parts of the combustion chamber and sensor parts, not affecting to external parts, so when burned parts were replaced, Pulsotron-2 will be in service again

Now Pulsotron-2 team is working hard to look for new materials to replace high performance plastics before October tests that will be introduced in the targets 2237 and 2238 that are now being building, so all eyes are focused in the new test campaign
The new materials could be used in future thermonuclear commercial motors

[malaga2022]

Thank you, I read that (I use pr-urgent), but I would like any specialized in Science and Technology.

It is a pity not being possible to insert jpg with photos and graphs, I would like use this site as main forum

[image]http://jlopez2022.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/foto-12.jpg[image]

[malaga2022]

Thank you for the sensors information, in the web does not appear, perhaps such sensors are not standard and I have to send them an email.
I have not information at the sensor datasheet about saturating current, it may be due they are usually used at lot less illumination

I also have seen BaF2 scintillator, it performance may be good and it is not hygroscopic and can be irradiated up to 10^5 Gray

Attached files

[malaga2022]

What is the percentage of laser that is scattered by the plasma?

It is very important, because if laser can go through the plasma, also plasma radiation, so plasma would radiate so quick that it would be impossible to heat it up:

Pemit=area*C*T^4

C=emision coefficient
If area=1m2 and temperature is 20keV (20000*11600 ºK),
Pemit=C*2.9e33 watts (Sun power is 1e24)

I think plasma area must be very very little in order to reduce plasma emission

[malaga2022]

It exists another aneutronics: Lithium-6 borohydride: 6LiBH4, it is a metal with low melting point.

[malaga2022]

It is impossible being aneutronic working in <1keV range (I couldnt go over 100 eV without matter compression over 100x solids), they need reduce plasma size and increase plasma temperature to 1MeV range.

How tri alpha measures plasma temperature?

[malaga2022]

I have seen the peak in the 550-750 keV range. It was used experimental data from Exfor database extracted from here:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037594747990647X

Does plasma at focus fusion device fits Maxwell distribution under huge magnetic fields and extreme short pulse? I thought different speed for e, Li/B and P and helical non convergent movement

Attached files

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