[meemoe_uk]

Well, in my experience of waiting for news, longer waits than expected are due to 1 of 2 reasons
a) Somethings gone wrong
b) Big step forward, so extra time is spent polishing all the results so they are presentable to high brow journals.

From what we know from the July 9th news, both (a) and (b) are possible.

I was thinking about the impurities problem : Is increasing the pressure amount of fuel in the chamber a viable way of reducing the percentage of impurities in the plasmoids?

[meemoe_uk]

Ein = P t
Eout = 0.5 m v^2
= 0.5 m a^2 t^2
= 0.5 m (F(P)^2 / m^2) t^2
= 0.5 (F(P)^2 / m) t^2

Eout / Ein = ( 0.5 F(P)^2 / ( m P) ) t
= k t

OU occurs for all t > 1/k

Therefore all propellantless propulsion schemes, whereby the motive force is a function of the on-board power, are inherently OU after some characteristic time T

A pertinent question to understanding the em drive :

Why, if when you shoot a 100W laser, are you not pushed back with an equal and opposite thrust equivalent to 100W ?

My answer : photons have very low momentum for the amount of energy they carry, therefore the push back from a 100W laser is negligible.

The point is, as a propellant, a photon is a vast untapped stash of energy. Using them as a propellant is like jettisoning fuel tanks.
Is there a way of converting the energy of a photon into momentum ? This is one of the motivating questions which led to the em drive.

The question also illustrates we already know kinetic energy equations alone aren’t sufficient to explain conservation of energy wrt light, particularly non-relativistic analysis with kinetic energy. Along similar reasoning to Andrew’s analysis and conclusion, light doesn’t exist since the energy used to make photons isn’t accounted for in his non-relativistic kinetic energy equation.

Converting between one form of energy to another should not be a taboo for physicists, so don’t be so quick to dismiss it with a napkin of non relativistic college level physics. Any attempt to understand conservation of momentum and energy in a system involving both light and mass is going to fail if the analysis is non relativistic.

Anyway, here’s another question that should pique interest in the heart of any physicist.

Is the doppler shift reversible?
I don’t mean blueshift as opposed to redshift. I mean: since red shift is caused when an object changes velocity, is a change of velocity causable by red shift?

According to Roger Shawyer, yes. We know for sure the maths works because we already have motion causes redshift maths. Every equation used to theorise the EM drive has already been used to describe doppler red shift.
The argument against the EM drive then becomes : is there a “trap door” aspect to doppler maths, so that it works “motion to red shift”, but not “redshift to motion” ?.
I haven’t read about any such trap door, either in maths analysis or otherwise.

The trick of the EM drive is that its captures red shift in a bottle, which should appeal to Eric since thats what he’s done with quasars with FoFu1.

[meemoe_uk]

I recall focus fusion lectures stating that smaller is the way to go ( with the example of the tokamak as a fusion reactor that is too big ). In this sense, this big new cathode is a step backwards.

why is the new cathode so big?

[meemoe_uk]

> Theory says that the earth’s magnetic field arises from the interaction of rotation, internal electrical currents and other forces. The normally occurring electrical currents are so diffuse that plasmoids probably don’t exist.

How do you know? Do you have some device that can see the electric discharges going on 1000km underground?

>Extraordinary events like earthquakes
Over the Earth, earthquakes are a common every day occurrence.

The most concentrated natural electrical currents that I know of are lightning strikes…. I am not aware of anyone suggesting that nuclear reactions happen.

But you should think its possible. We know lightning creates macro plasmoids ( ball lightning ). This was known without any modern scientific study at all. Whats to stop smaller, and indeed, micro plasmoids from forming from lightning?
The idea is not mine. Somewhere I’ve read it. Someone else said that after powerful electric storms in the tropics, there is a rotten egg smell, suggesting the oxygen in the air has fused into sulphur. Hopefully I can go the tropics myself and smell the air after an electric storm. In the uk you can only smell the water and a tiny bit of ozone.

[meemoe_uk]

>Is there some part of the earth’s composition that you think is out of balance compared to normal planetary formation?

No.

I think that based on the energy requirements that it would be unlikely that fusion is taking place through natural reactions on earth.

Do you think its possible electric discharges occur within the Earth? With electric discharges, there is a possibility of plasmoids, which will concentrate energy enough for fusion.

[meemoe_uk]

ah well. I suppose I can have a go at answering one of my own questions using the meemoe formula ( a simplified version of plasmoid physics models )
> How strong will the electric field of a collapsing proton boron plasmoid be?

So we’ve got the electric field is about 400 G V/m for deuterium fuel which has an average charge of 1. pB-11 has an average charge of (1+5)/2 = 3. Given that plasmoid electromagnetic fields get stronger by the 5th power of charge of the fusion ions, we have the formula E = k*e^5, where E is the resultant electric field, e is the average charge of the fusion ions, and k is a constant. We have values ( E=400GeV/m,e=1), so k=400G. So for pB-11, e=3, so by the formula, E = 400G * 3^5 = 97 T V/m

Did the meemoe formula get it right?

[meemoe_uk]

> First the x-ray emission goes up as the charge of the ions squared—that cools the plasma

I thought you said the quantum magnetic effect fixes that, for pB11 at least. Doesn’t this effect also scale for higher magnetic fields?

>Second, the reaction rate and fusion power generated at a given temperature goes down rapidly for heavier elements.

Yes, by nuclear theory alone, fusion into iron 56 is the highest possible atom from which fusion is exothermic*. Does plasmoid theory further reduce the size of largest possible exothermic atom fusion ? e.g. would it be impossible to extract energy from silicon-helium fusion via plasmoids?

Sure, I don’t dispute pB11 is an optimal fusion fuel. I’m looking to explain some of the Earth’s composition by plasmoid fusion by subterranean electric discharge, after the Earth formed. Like all this sulphur we see around. I think your plasmoid theory could explain sulphur as a product of oxygen oxygen plasmoid induced fusion, or perhaps cumulative helium fusions, as an ongoing process within the Earth, and on Io.
It may also explain the distribution of some other elements in the Earth’s crust. Elements that require endo-thermic fusion will be less abundant in the crust.

A key question I want to ask : accepting that several detrimental factors become significant for large atom fusion by plasmoids making them endothermic and useless for the purpose of power generation; if enough energy was input into an attempt to fuse large ions ( e.g. 2 iron atoms ) by plasmoid, just to see if it could be done, would the plasmoid magnetic field still scale to the 5th power and create a presumably mega strong field, regardless of any other shortcomings in the goal of fusion?
thanks very much if you answer this question!

(* actually that might not be true. the binding energy per nucleon is so low for small ions, perhaps the fusion of very small atoms into any large atom, including those greater than iron would be exothermic, but certainly not optimal )

[meemoe_uk]

>Given enough energy, any elements can be combined but it is only practical to combine elements that will yield enough surplus energy.

I know. But that doesn’t really answer my question.

>What are the theoretical fusion limits of plasmoids according to Lerner’s model?

I reckon plasmoids can fuse any 2 atoms, because 5th power in plasmoid strength will always be higher than 2nd power required to overcome electrostatic repulsion in the gamow equation. Even if the reaction is endo-energetic. Therefore electric discharges can create all of the periodic table.

In nature the excess energy gained from fusing Iron 56 or small atoms is partly used to power the creation of heavier nuclei, those where their creation takes more energy than they produce.

[meemoe_uk]

119 views and no replys. this forum should be a beehive of activity, but most of the time its a ghostly echoy cathedral. i don’t get it. Am I the only one interested in plasma science these days? Should I apply for the CERN and ITER budgets to be sent to my address?

Rant aside, looks like I’ll have to answer my own question.

Ok, so Eric said the plasmoid magnetic field is the 5th power of the charge of the matter in the plasmoid.
So far FoFu has worked with ionized deuterium. which has a charge of 1, and has resulted in a plasmoid temperature of 1.8 Giga K

now that George Gamow said that the temperature required for fusion between elements is proportional to something like half to 1 power of the product of charge of the ionized elements.

So I think its a no brainer. 5th power beats 1 power easy. Even if we say the product term in Gamow’s equation means the power is effectively 2, then still 5 >> 2. I don’t know the proportion between plasmoid magnetic field and plasmoid temperature but I’m guessing its higher than 2/5 power. Whatever the element, it will create a plasmoid with a magnetic field and temperature high enough to enable its own nuclear fusion.

therefore, by Eric’s model, all elements can be fused by their own micro plasmoids, just need a lightning bolt. Natural nucleo synthesis for the entire periodic table has been fundamentally solved, and DPFs will give us practical means of demonstration of fusion of any 2 elements.

[meemoe_uk]

400GV/m is 1 order of mag lower than I was least expecting, i.e. 1~10 TV/m. I was not far wrong. Wonder where the flaw is in my fast magnetic field collapse and faraday’s law idea.

>Can you get the information that you want from these files?
I had a look, but i couldn’t see. Maybe its there, but I don’t understand most of the columns.

[meemoe_uk]

…but from my understanding of electromagnetics, if the magnetic field is in giga gauss, and the collapse time of a plasmoid is on the order of nanoseconds, then I’d expect the electric field to be a million times stronger than the magnetic field? Mag field / Time = Electric field. Don’t know if there’s a constant of proportion that cuts the electric field down a long way. Will have to check. Just thought someone here would know better than me.

edit :: I just checked faradays induction law again. I don’t see any proportion constant , just electric field strength = – change in magnetic field over time. So I think I’m right with my idea – the collapsing plasmoid electric field being should be of the order of peta – volts. Would be nice if someone here could confirm my idea.

[meemoe_uk]

>How would you make that measurement?

That might be why I’ve never got an answer. U insinuate it’s a difficult and superfluous quantity to measure, and that Lawrenceville haven’t got good measurements for this.

I’d start by measuring the ion energies with particle hit detector, which will give the integral of the electric field over time, then maybe they can measure time duration of plasmoid collapse. Aside any direct measurement, I thought Lawrenceville have a pretty good theoretical plasmoid model now, so they can use that to fill out missing quantities. I’m only interested in a rough estimate ; to an order of magnitude would be great.

[meemoe_uk]

I saw the news on Lawrenceville’s website about the ARPA-E rule change that allows Lawrenceville to apply. Any idea of your chances of being awarded the grant? Do you have any allies at ARPA-E?

[meemoe_uk]

I take it you are aware that the best contender for tapping zero-point-energy is…. Focus fusion research groups. Only they are capable of getting near the quantum critical electric field of 1.6*10^18 V/m via a collapsing micro-plasmoid. If Eric gets this new funding he’s after, I hope he can find time and money to at least do a small investigation into the application of dense plasma foci to tapping zero point energy. It’s the ultimate power source.

[meemoe_uk]

20,000 Taiwanese people die of cigarettes every year. how many people people in the world have ever died of fusors? I’m guessing its 0. Logically, until fusor deaths overtake cigarette deaths in Taiwan, any health and safety group e.g. AEC should be concentrated on bringing the tobacco companies to justice.

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