[pluto]

G’day from the land of ozzzzzz

To understand or even get close to understanding everything one needs to understand the properties of quantum matter close to the seed process.

http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.0640
Loop quantum cosmology with higher order holonomy corrections

Authors: Dah-Wei Chiou, Li-Fang Li
(Submitted on 3 Jul 2009 (v1), last revised 13 Aug 2009 (this version, v2))

Abstract: With a well-motivated extension of higher order holonomy corrections, the quantum theory of loop quantum cosmology (LQC) for the $k=0$ Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model (with a free massless scalar) is rigorously formulated. The analytical investigation reveals that, regardless of the order of holonomy corrections and for any arbitrary states, the matter density remains finite, bounded from above by an upper bound, which equals the critical density obtained at the level of heuristic effective dynamics. Particularly, with all orders of corrections included, the dynamical evolution is shown to follow the bouncing scenario in which two Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) solutions (expanding and contracting) are bridged together through the quantum bounce. These observations provide further evidence that the quantum bounce is essentially a consequence of the intrinsic discreteness of LQC and LQC is fundamentally different from the WDW theory. Meanwhile, the possibility is also explored that the higher order holonomy corrections can be interpreted as a result of admitting generic SU(2) representations for the Hamiltonian constraint operators.

There are numerous scientific papers on the mechanisms on transient phases where normal matter is changed to Neutron matter to quark matter to varies composites and Neutrino matter and the properties of such compact matter that is able to form jets that are able to eject matter far far away short distance and extreme distances such as millions of light years as an example of giant jets formed from the centre of AGN found in the centres of clusters of galaxies. It is also fantastic how this degenerate matter has a memory to form normal matter again. Einsteins E=MC^2 equation works. These jets have the potential to form the spiral arms of future galaxies. What I say I can also support by observations via images.

[pluto]

G’day

Hello Brian:
A dime a dozen

Sometimes a person gets lost in the concept and cannot find a dime.

Hello dash

Interesting.

[pluto]

G’day

You may find this paper interesting to read.

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0605213

The Faulty Assumptions of the Expanding-Universe Model vs. the Simple and Consistent Principles of a Flat-Universe Model — with Moving Pisa Tower Experiment which Tests General Relativity

Authors: Jin He
(Submitted on 9 May 2006 (v1), last revised 17 Oct 2007 (this version, v8))

Abstract: The standard model of expanding universe is based on the theory of general relativity (GR) which assumes that spacetime is curved. The reason of curved spacetime was given by Einstein that locally there is common acceleration for all test particles so that gravity is canceled. This is called the equivalence principle. The present paper shows that it is not true for Schwarzschild solution (static gravity of pure spatial inhomogeneity). The paper also presents isotropic but temporally inhomogeneous gravity. Freely falling particles locally have accelerations of any magnitude and any direction, which also indicates that the gravity can not be locally cancelled too. Realistic gravity is non-static which is the case in between. This indicates that the assumption of curved spacetime is a fundamental mistake. Therefore, a correct gravitational theory or a model of the universe must be based on the absolute flat background spacetime. The existence of such absolute spacetime is shown to be true from the following three basic principles about the universe: (1) the density of large-scale mass distribution of the universe varies with time (corresponding to an isotropic but temporally inhomogeneous gravitational field); (2) the gravity is described by a Lagrangian which is the generalization to the proper distance of special relativity (the metric form of GR); (3) Hubble law is approximately true. These lead to varying light speed and give account of `accelerating expansion`. Therefore, the assumption of big bang and expansion is incorrect.

[pluto]

G’day

I think there is a combinatiion of both. Tidal and radiative are the way to go.

When we have no large moons of planets influencing we end up with a run out of radiating heat and the little tidal effect results in a dead dynamo.

We see this with MARS.

Io is tidal effected due to Jupiters extreme gravity making it the most active volcanic place in the solar system.

Planet Earth has a Solid core with a liquid outer core and the moon plays an active part in tidal effect.

The Stars do not have a dynamo, they have a dynamotor, but thats another story.

[pluto]

G’day from the land of ozzz

Arp is my favorite cosmologist a true leader.

The expansion of the universe is backed by redshift/velocity data which is under dispute. In my opinion the BBT and the expansion of the universe will go down in histroy as the biggest crank pot theories backed by ad hoc theories and supported by churches and politics and money. NASA has been informed by many and yet fall short in placing key people to resolve critical issues and data collecting.

The expansion caused by ejecting matter via jets and the contraction of matter via a universal law of clustering into a gravity sink is observable in many images. These can influence at various levels such as solar systems, galaxy, local groups of galaxies, clusters of local group galaxies and super dooper clusters of thousands of galaxies and so on. The plot thickens.

[pluto]

Hello

Please explain

[pluto]

G’day

One important paper to add that disproves the expanding model.

http://arxiv.org/abs/0909.5051
Gamma-Ray Bursts as Cosmological Tools

Authors: Vahe Petrosian, Aurelien Bouvier, Felix Ryde
(Submitted on 28 Sep 2009)

Abstract: In recent years there has been considerable activity in using gamma-ray bursts as cosmological probes for determining global cosmological parameters complementing results from type Ia supernovae and other methods. This requires a characteristics of the source to be a standard candle. We show that contrary to earlier indications the accumulated data speak against this possibility. Another method would be to use correlation between a distance dependent and a distance independent variable to measure distance and determine cosmological parameters as is done using Cepheid variables and to some extent Type Ia supernovae. Many papers have dealt with the use of so called Amati relation, first predicted by Lloyd, Petrosian and Mallozzi, or the Ghirlanda relation for this purpose. We have argued that these procedure involve many unjustified assumptions which if not true could invalidate the results. In particular, we point out that many evolutionary effects can affect the final outcome. In particular, we demonstrate that the existing data from Swift and other earlier satellites show that the gamma-ray burst may have undergone luminosity evolution. Similar evolution may be present for other variables such as the peak photon energy of the total radiated energy. Another out come of our analysis is determination of the luminosity function and the comoving rate evolution of gamma-ray bursts which does not seem to agree with the cosmic star formation rate. We caution however, that the above result are preliminary and includes primarily the effect of detection threshold. Other selection effects, perhaps less important than this, are also known to be present and must be accounted for. We intend to address these issues in future publications.

and
3 Sep 2009
http://vixra.org/abs/0909.0009
Discovery of a New Dimming Effect Specific to Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Thomas B. Andrews

Because type Ia supernovae (SNs) are anomalously dimmed with respect to the at (qo = 0.5) Friedman Expanding Universe model, I was surprised to find that the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are not anomalously dimmed. Based on the absence of anomalous dimming in BCGs, the following conclusions were reached:

⋅ Since the light from the SNs and BCGs traverses the same space, the current hypothesis of an accelerated expansion of the universe to explain the anomalous dimming of SNs is disproved.
⋅ The cause of the anomalous dimming must be specific to the SNs.

The first conclusion is important since current research in dark energy and the cosmological constant was initiated based on the accelerated expansion hypothesis. The disproof of this hypothesis, therefore, casts serious doubts on the existence of dark energy and the cosmological constant. The second conclusion indicates that the occurrence of anomalous dimming depends on a basic difference between the SNs and BCGs. The only difference besides the obvious – that SNs are exploding stars and the BCGs are galaxies – is that the light curves of the SNs are limited in duration. Due on this difference, I discovered that SNs light curves are broadened at the observer by a new Hubble redshift effect. Since the total energy of the light curve is then spread over a longer time period, the apparent luminosity is reduced at the observer, causing the observed anomalous dimming of SNs. I also show that BCGs are not anomalously dimmed because their absolute luminosity is approximately constant over the time required for the light to reach the observer. The above conclusions also apply to Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) since gamma-ray “light” curves are limited in duration. Finally, the light curve broadening effect can be used to determine if the universe is expanding or static. In the expanding universe model, a light curve broadening effect is predicted due to time-dilation for the SNs, GRBs and BCGs. Consequently, if the universe is expanding, two light curve broadening effects should occur for the SNs and GRBs. However, if the universe is static, only one light curve broadening effect will occur for the SNs and GRBs. Fortunately, Golhaber has measured the width’s of SNs light curves and conclusively showed that only one light curve broadening effect occurs. Consequently, the expanding universe model is logically falsified.

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G’day Dash

A good link in reading

http://www.cosmology.info/newsletter/

[pluto]

G’day

Get the gist of the ABS and in time you will decide which ones to open and read the pdf files.

If you cannot open the files then do the same search in arXiv

What I’m trying to convey is. Keep reading if you want to understand.

or if you are happy in reading other people’s opinions then you will be directed by them.

I will post some links that I read if you wish.

[pluto]

G’day

I can give you general search.

Getting opinions of how people think creates the chinese whisper.

Go to the papers, get a gist of the scope and direction of info, what work is being done and get to the seed of the events.

Smile,,,,nothing is on my chest.

I just keep reading so that one day I hope to understand.

For example reading through but not limted to it.

Condensed Matter Astrophysics 2009
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-basic_connect?qsearch=Condensed+matter+astrophysics+2009&version=1

I do not read all the papers.

If your interest is understanding then the journey is worth it.

Undergraduate and graduate school fall into the same trap, the trap of “KNOWING”

[pluto]

G’day

It has nothing to do with Time.

Time is only a measure of motion.

Have a look at the properties of ultra dense matter or condensed matter and trapping horizons. Search in arXiv or what ever.

[pluto]

G’day

Well what do you think of the so called black holes with and without singularities or with and without trapping horizons?

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Hello Brian

I think you have read my words out of context.

So far what you are saying is very little.

Go back to my post and try to explain the parts.

Then I will know to what extent and depth I will explain and discuss.

Please do not think that I’m being smart. But! I do not want to waste my time with a person who has a closed mind.

[pluto]

Hello

Your idea of what happens during a supernova is quite general. Secondary school explanation.

Since you think it is stupidity then I may say, stay with what you think.

For those who wish to understand what actually happens during a supernova (e) if you want the many.

Than you may need to research beyond secondary books. Read up on quantum matter and phase transitions, may even pay to read up on Lagrangians and solitons and electromagnetic reconnections of magnetic fields.

As for the end of a star’s life. read up the sequence of star formation. Then ask the question of how a star can become hundreds of times that of our Sun.

We are entering a new era in knowing and understanding the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies.

[pluto]

Hello

It seems that some people feel that they know a bit of Neutron Matter.

For now just picking on one point.

What formed the Supernova?

To create such a form, it would take quite a powerful solar dynamo in the form of Neutron matter or may be a hybrid with quark matter or a pasta form.

Regardless the magnetic fields required to form a Nova or a supernova with a remnant left behind such as a Neutron star or some other exotic ultra dense matter would require an initial ultra dense matter.

I just dropped in for 2 secs. I can go deeper into this field.

[Author]

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